The effect of different motions in silat Sea games 2015 competition

Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie
Farah Atifah Arnie Binti Ahmad Yusop

Shapie, M.N.M (1,2) & Ahmad Yusop, F.A.A. (1,3)
1. Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam. Selangor.

Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the statistical differences between winning and losing teams that competed in the silat Sea Games Singapore 2015. Data were collected from four (4) recorded matches starting from the Men’s 65kg Class D quarterfinal silat between Thailand and Singapore, Men’s 50kg Class A quarterfinal silat between Indonesia and Singapore, Men’s 60kg Class C quarterfinal silat between Vietnam and Singapore and Men’s 70kg Class E semi-finals silat between Malaysia and Singapore. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The results showed the winning teams were significantly higher in points scored, successful in different action compared to the losing teams.
Keywords : kicking, coaching, performance analysis

Introduction
Sport is one of activity human in the world. Every people in the world like to do sport in his life. Sport has many kinds in the world. Silat is one kinds of sport in the world. Then, Silat is original martial art from Indonesia. People of Indonesia like Silat very much. Indonesian has 800 colleges of Silat. Silat has general characteristics, namely Silat use all parts of the body and limbs of the nail at the tip of your toes or hands until the hair (especially a woman) to defend ourselves. Silat is done with bare hands or with a weapon.
Silat does not require a specific weapons, any object can be used as a weapon (wood, stone, sand, umbrellas, handkerchiefs, bags, hairpin, sandals, scarves and so on). Silat was born and grown in harmony with nature: natural surroundings, special tools, civilized manners, temperament or character and personality of our race, religion or belief. Of course, silat is one of culture Indonesia. Silat contains four aspects. Each aspect of Silat describes the purpose and each other is one unit.
             Knowledge of the physical demands of the sport and physiological characteristics of its elite athletes may help to facilitate the development of specific training programmes for optimal performance in the sport. No such data have been published with regards to the sport of Silat. Thus the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the physiological responses during competitive contact-matches and characteristics of its elite contact-type exponents. A secondary aim is to compare Silat data with published data of taekwondo and judo (Aziz, Tan, & Teh, 2002).

Material and Methods
The data was collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015 which is men’s 65kg Class D quarterfinal silat between Thailand and Singapore, men’s 50kg Class A quarterfinal silat between Indonesia and Singapore, men’s 60kg Class C quarterfinal silat between Vietnam and Singapore and men’s 70kg Class E semi-finals silat between Malaysia and Singapore. This video was collected by using the YouTube Channel. The winning and losing participant will be classified and the game-related statistic was collected. Data collected in term of hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponents. The video notated by Farah Atifah Arnie Binti Ahmad Yusop.
Motion Categories
Punch:
The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s.

Kick:
The kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘sepak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.

Block:
The blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any attack.

Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s.
Topple:
There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove.

Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which are on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to the ground.  A silat exponent can perform this attacking move-ment either with his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapu -an depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg.

Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique ton lock any clinch or catch from an opponent.

Block and Punch:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.

Block and Kick:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.

Block and Sweep:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent.

Fake Punch:
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture.

Fake Kick:
The action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture.

Statistical Analysis
All the raw data collected from all matches used the system produced by Shapie at all by 2013. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), version 21. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the different of performance between winners and losers in silat matched.

Result
The result has shown below:
Table 1: Total mean and standard deviation for all silat match.
Exponent
Mean
Standard Deviation
Blue
4.51
5.79
Red
4.69
5.39
Total
9.2
11.18

Table 2: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during a silat match.
Team Singapore (Blue)

ACTION
OUTCOME
HIT
ELSEWHERE
HIT
TARGET
MISS
OPPONENT
TOTAL
Block
1.5
10
0
11.5
Block & Punch
0.5
0.5
0
1
Block & Kick
2
2
0.5
4.5
Block & Sweep
0
0
2.5
2.5
Catch
1
5.5
13
18.5                                                                                                                                                19.5
Evage/Dodge
0
0
0
0
Fake Punch
0
5
2
7
Fake Kick
1
13
10.5
24.5
Kick
23.5
30
31.5
85
Punch
14
19.5
11.5
45
Self-release
0
1
0
1
Sweep
3
2
17
22
Topple
6.5
4
5
15.5

Table 4: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during a silat match.
Opponent (Red)

ACTION
OUTCOME
HIT
ELSEWHERE
HIT
TARGET
MISS
OPPONENT
TOTAL
Block
2.5
9.5
0.5
12.5
Block & Punch
1
10
0
11
Block & Kick
6
10
0
16
Block & Sweep
0
2
0
2
Catch
1
8.5
12
21.5
Evage/Dodge
0
0
0
0
Fake Punch
0
7.5
4.5
12
Fake Kick
1
9.5
1
11.5
Kick
22.5
35.5
9
67
Punch
9
35
7
51
Self-release
0
2.5
0
2.5
Sweep
1.5
5.5
12
19
Topple
3
14
4.5
21.5

Table 5: Frequency profile of the two contestants
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Blue
19.5
130
52
15.5
Red
41.5
78.5
63
21.5
Total
61
208.5
115
37

Discussion
According to the result has shown from the starting Men’s 50kg Class A quarterfinal silat between Indonesia and Singapore and the result has shown Singapore from blue corner lose 1-4. Second match is men’s 60kg Class C quarterfinal silat between Vietnam and Singapore and the result has shown Singapore from blue corner lose 0-5. Third match is men’s 65kg Class D quarterfinal silat between Thailand and Singapore and the result has shown Singapore from blue corner lose 0-5. Last match is men’s 70kg Class E semi-finals silat between Malaysia and Singapore and the result has shown Singapore from blue corner lose 0-5.
The data was collected from Men’s 50kg Class A quarterfinal silat between Indonesia vs Singapore. Singapore less attacker compare to the red which is Indonesia. Based on the result we can conclude that the blue corner had a lower in performance which is in attacking and during defending. Moreover, athlete at the blue corner is low of speedily in their kick compared to the red corner. In addition, the blue corner is not aggressively on every round and he looks very bad in term of strength and cardiovascular fitness.
The third data was collected from Men’s 60kg Class C quarterfinal silat between Vietnam and Singapore. The blue corner had a lowering in action which is toppled and sweep. Singapore always uses the same action to against the opponent. In addition, Singapore athlete is too emotional to the referee in making decisions. When athletes are in a bad situation, these athletes would not give a good performance and he will not give full attention to the games.
The second data was collected from Men’s 65kg Class D quarterfinal silat between Thailand vs Singapore. The blue corner not aggressively on every round and he looks very bad in term of strength and cardiovascular fitness and cause athlete feel fatigue during competition. Singapore is do not have good tactical compared to the red which is Thailand. Based on the result we can conclude that the blue corner do not use the tactical to get the highest point compare to the red corner. Besides that, the blue corner lack of fitness that can cause opponent to take advantage to get the higher point. A blue corner always uses the same action that did not give the higher point.
Last data was collected from Men’s 70kg Class E semi-finals silat between Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore is low of speedily in their kick compared to the red corner. Blue corner is lack of agility and speed to the action. Singapore athlete in a hurry to get a point because of too pursues this point athletes often make mistakes that can lead to the addition of the opponents gain points higher. A blue corner must have a good tactical to gain point higher. From round 1, 2 and 3 the athlete must have strategies that can give strength and fitness at the last round.

Conclusion
This study presents references values of game statistics and demonstrates in which aspects of the game there are differences between winning and losing teams. These values can be used to design training sessions and to evaluate matches. In order to connect theory with practice, after each conclusion a practical application is presented.
The losers have weaknesses that are often studied by other teams. One of the causes of the defeat can be seen in the Singapore team is the lack of fitness. Fitness is very important component in this sport for athletes continue to earn points. In addition, Singapore's athletes can also be said that there is no tactically used to get high points. This is one responsibility of which must be conducted for each coach. Tactical is important because with the tactics we can beat the opponent.  In addition, the coach's leadership style also should be concerned to develop a successful athlete.
Based on the guidance and leadership of Dr. Thomas P. Rosandich, the United States Sports Academy has created the American Coaching Patterns, a six-course program, embracing six basic fundamentals of training which is stamina, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, and skill. This article presented information which coaches should utilize when training their athletes. These six courses can produce coaching patterns in emphasize sports administration, coaching methods, sports medicine, strength and conditioning, sports psychology, and athlete development. Training athletes to become “champions” in sport, and more importantly life, can provide many individuals with opportunities to produce peak performance.

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About author
This article was submitted by Farah Atifah Arnie Ahmad Yusop an sport research. Did you find this article useful? For more questions please email: farahatifaharnie95@gmail.com

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